Skid resistance determination for pavement management and wet. Surface texture depth by sand patch method bs part. The test involved hand tamping a moist sand sample into a plastic cup, extracting the specimen, and submerging it in water. Astm international is providing nocost public access to important astm standards used in the production and testing of personal protective. Pdf comparison of sand patch test and multi laser profiler in. Calculate the texture depth of each individual test to the nearest 0. May 09, 2016 this video demonstrates the sand patch test used to measure macro texture on pavement in accordance with mp 401. The constituent grains of this sand are uncrushed and of rounded form. The object of the study is to investigate the possibility and effect of replacing natural coarse aggregate in concrete paving block with electrical arc furnace slag eafs to enhance its properties. In recent years, road administrations face the issues of handling data acquired by totally different methods and the inconsistent correlation between different methods. Astm e 965 sand patch test minnesota department of.
This test method is suitable for determining the mean profile depth mpd of a. Astm d2419 14 standard test method for sand equivalent. For new road surface, it is recommended that sand patch test for. The road surface texture can be measured by sand patch method.
Relationship between ct meter and sand patch test results after the completion of trafficking of the 2000 ncat test track, ct meter astm e 2157 6 and sand patch tests astm e 965 7 were taken at five random locations within 45 of the 46 test sections at the track section w10 was not tested because of its short length. Three different gradings are available, each designed for a specific type of test. Graded sand is made of local french source natural silica sand silica content 99 %, having a water content lower than 0. Astm e 191102, standard test method for measuring paved surface frictional properties using the dynamic friction tester astm e 196098, standard practice for.
Overfinishing of the surface must be avoided, and special vibrators must be used for the top layer. The simplest surface texture measurement is the sand patch test astm e 965. The falling sand abrasion tester is a rugged instrument based on a design described in astm d 968 and other internationally recognized test standards. Spread the sand with the spreading disc to form a circular patch. Link to active this link will always route to the current active version of the standard. Laser texture and surface scanner, microtexture and macrotexture. The following test methods for macrotexture depth evaluation were analyzed in the experiment. The sand patch test, astm e965, was to determine macrotexture of pavement by spreading 25 ml.
Analysis of test methods for texture depth evaluation applied. Friction testing of pavement preservation treatments. An indextype test to measure cohesion potential of granular materials, known as the sand castle test, was developed by researchers at the university of london in the 1970s and 80s vaughan et al. Assessing pavement surface macrotexture using sand patch test. The ctmeter produced comparable results to the sand patch test astm e965. Development of a test to determine cementation potential of.
Tex436a, measuring texture depth by the sand patch method. The analysis permitted estimates of the repeatability and reproducibility of the sandpatch test, as well as errors that can be expected in measuring the mean texture depths of a section of textured pavement. Astm d241914 standard test method for sand equivalent value of soils and fine aggregate. Astm d5064 16a standard practice for conducting a patch. Comparison of sand patch test and multi laser profiler in pavement surface measurement article pdf available in jurnal teknologi 704 september 2014 with 593 reads how we measure reads. Tex436a, measuring texture depth by the sand patch method section 2 apparatus texas department of transportation 3 08990608 section 2 apparatus the following apparatus is required. This test is performed spreading a measured volume of fine sand astm or glass spheres en into a circular patch on the road surface and filling the surface depressions to the level of the peaks. Standard test procedure for measurement of texture by the. Astm d506416a, standard practice for conducting a patch test to assess coating compatibility, astm international, west conshohocken, pa, 2016. Macrotextures of surface coating samples were determined with sand patch and outflow meter tests according to astm e 965, and astm e 2380 standard methods, respectively to determine the known. Accurate sand patch testing cannot be carried out when road surface is sticky or wet. Dynamic friction tester astm e1911 circular texturetrack meter astm e2157 volumetric sand patch test astm e 965 british pendulum tester astm e303. Falling sand abrasion tester precision test instruments.
Testing for pinholes with the wet sponge method using the elcometer 270 pinhole detector duration. The sand patch test was conducted based on standard from astm. Hm106 density test sand sand cone test sand for sand cone density testing of soils is clean, uniform, uncemented and freeflowing, and meets astm d15561556m and aashto t 191. Combined with our innovative business services, they enhance performance and help everyone have confidence in the things the buy and use. For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of iso specific. The analysis permitted estimates of the repeatability and reproducibility of the sand patch test, as well as errors that can be expected in measuring the mean texture depths of a section of textured pavement. Comparison of sand patch test and multi laser profiler in. Study of the sand patch and outflow meter methods of pavement. Dynamic friction tester astm e1911 circular texturetrack meter astm e2157 volumetric sand patch test astm e 965 british pendulum tester astm e303, astm d3319 mumetercont. Sand patch apparatus, selangor, malaysia, nl 2022 x 001, bs 598105, astm e965, cnr no. Defined and set by us, they improve the lives of millions every day. The volumetric patch technique, as described in en 361 mtd and the sand patch method astm e965.
Tx can be the mean texture depth measured by the sand patch method astm e96515, 2015, or the mean profile depth measured by a laser device hall et al. Pdf comparison of surface macrotexture measurement methods. Ensure the pavement surface is clear of debris by sweeping the surface with a small brush. Texture meter ct meter, international cybernetics corporation. Friction testing using dynamic friction tester and. They concluded that there were weak correlations between the results. For new road surface, it is recommended that sand patch test for compliance checking should be. Abrasion results from abrasive particles falling through a guide tube and impinging the test specimen until the substrate becomes visible. Average the measurements to give d, the sand circle diameter. Texture depth determined by the sand patch method is a measure of the surface macrostructure. Test sands form mortar testing, made from natural silica sand, specially graded to pass a no. International journal of materials chemistry and physics.
In this study, macrotexture is measured using the sand patch method, the japanese sand track method and the ctm. Pavement friction and skid resistance measurement methods. As the sand is spread, it fills the low spots in the pavement surface. The sand is used for testing of hydraulic cement strength conforming to astm c 109. There are several methods for measurement of the microtexture 22. Specifications astm e 965 calibrationsformulas d 4 v texture depth mm s 2 where. This video demonstrates the sand patch test used to measure macro texture on pavement in accordance with mp 401. The sand patch test is a method that measures the diameter of a sand circle on road surface created by spreading a known volume sand in a circle on the surface and the mtd mean texture depth is obtained by dividing the sand. Using a flat disk, the sample is spread out in a circular motion while trying to keep the sand or glass spheres evenly distributed until the disk comes in contact with the material surface. Test area is to be clear of cracking and the pavement area must be dry. Sand patch test method in sand patch method or volumetric patch method, a fixed volume of sand or glass spheres is carefully poured on a test location. The test method based on surface profiles, as described in iso 4731 mpd. Friction testing using dynamic friction tester and circular.
If 60 or more chips per 2,500 mm 2 are exposed, the noise will be low. Materials testing equipment ltd texture depth sand patch. The purpose of this test method is to indicate, under standard conditions, the relative proportions of claysize or plastic fines and dust in granular soils and fine aggregates that pass the 4. Surface texture depth by sand patch method bs598 part 105. Active standard astm e965 developed by subcommittee. An astm designation number identifies a unique version of an astm standard. Stereo images capture and sand patch test were conducted for each of the 28 selected spots on the. Astm international astm g6516e1 standard test method. Test sand, astm 2030 supports the following standards.
Guidance notes on road testing highways department. Pdf comparison of sand patch test and multi laser profiler. Astm international astm g6516e1 standard test method for. Each pavement section was tested at three different sites by three different operators performing two tests each.
The laser texture scanner lts was used to scan and precisely measure the texture component of the pavement surface. This test method is not meant to provide a complete asm of pavement surface texture characteristics. This test procedure covers the determination of the average texture depth of a paved surface using sand to give the volume of voids. Pavement surface texture has been assessed with variety of test methods such as sand patch test and multi laser profiler. The method is suitable for the measurement of surfaces with average texture depths greater than 0. The socalled sand patch method, or the more general volumetric patch. In their studies, hanson and prowell 99 indicated that the ctmeter has more variablity than the sand patch test. A known volume of sand, is measured and then poured onto the road surface to form a cone, using the measuring cylinder. For instance, the following relationship is adopted by astm e1960 astm e1960, 2015 for determining s p. The test is carried out on a dry pavement surface by pouring a known quantity of sand onto the surface and spreading it in a circular pattern with a straightedge. Measuring surface texture by the sand patch method astm.
Measure the diameter at four different angles, rotating 45 between each measurement. Test procedure required values aggregate gradation. Comparison of surface macrotexture measurement methods. This test method is not meant to provide a complete assessment of pavement surface texture characteristics. Jun 22, 2019 international concrete abstracts portal. The method is suitable for bituminous surface course and concrete pavement surface with texture depth greater than 0.